Saturday, January 25, 2014

Midterm Topics of Study

So far this semester we have discussed...


Unit 1 - Introduction to Environmental Science and Sustainability
  • Environmental science
    • definition
    • problems that ES is concerned with
    • causes of those problems
  • Environmentalism vs. ecology
  • Sustainability
    • definition
    • ways of measuring sustainability/environmental impact (IPAT equation)
    • 4 principles of sustainable environments/sustainability
  • Ecological footprint
Unit 2 - Earth Systems and Resources
  • Composition of Earth
  • Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
    • Climate and weather
    • Greenhouse effect
    • Coriolis effect
    • Convection
  • Requirements for life on Earth
    • Extinction and history of life on Earth
    • Origins of oxgyen
  • Plate tectonics and consequences
    • Volcanism
    • Plate boundaries
    • Earthquakes
  • Rocks
    • Types and characteristics
  • Soil
    • Composition of soils
    • Soil horizons
    • Conservation techniques
  • Carbon cycle
Unit 3 - Ecology
  • Food webs
    • Consequences of changes in a food web
    • Trophic levels
      • Eating lower on the food chain
    • Biomass
    • Energy pyramids
  • Nitrogen cycle
    • Nitrification, nitrogen fixing, denitrification
    • Eutrophication
  • Phosphorus cycle
  • Biomes
    • Characteristics
    • Example species
  • Niches and competition
    • Symbiosis, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism
  • Photosynthesis and respiration
  • Invasive species
  • Succession - primary and secondary
  • Definitions
    • Population, community, etc.
  • Evolution - requirements, evolution, consequences
Unit 4 - Populations
  • Logistic growth
  • Carrying capacity
    • Density-dependent and density-independent factors limiting population growth
  • Age-structure diagrams
  • Demographic transition
  • Factors affecting birth/death rates
  • Population growth predictions
  • Malthus’ predictions
    • Geometric and arithmetic growth
  • Calculating annual rate of population change
  • Calculating doubling time
  • r-strategists and K-strategists
  • Intrinsic growth rates
Unit 5 - Land and Water Use
  • Agriculture
  • State of global nutrition
  • Feedlot agriculture
    • CAFOs
  • Irrigation
    • Consequences - salinization, runoff
    • Sustainable practices - terracing, contour farming
  • Fertilizing crops/Green Revolution
    • Consequences - runoff
    • Sustainable practices - no-till agriculture, crop rotation, intercropping, strip cropping
  • Genetic engineering
  • Pest control
    • Pesticides and consequences - runoff, resistance
  • Sustainable practices - IPM
  • Fishing - methods and consequences
    • Purse-seine, trawling, hook and line, deep line, drift net, dredging, pot/traps, dynamite/cyanide
  • Aquaculture
  • Water supply - freshwater v. saltwater
  • Water usage

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