Friday, February 14, 2014

2/14/14

Your homework for break is to complete the take home exam and read the following in order to answer and submit the questions below.

Reading: Botkin and Keller - p. 287 and 291-292 from Chapter 14 and all of Chapter 15


Non-Renewable Energy Reading Check-In

Multiple Choice

Answer all of the following to the best of your ability. In order to expedite grading and scoring, please record all of your multiple choice answers in one place.

1. The Alaska National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has made headlines because: 

a)  it is the leading source of coal in North America
b)  of proposals to explore for oil there
c)  it is the proposed site for disposal of high-level nuclear waste
d)  the Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred there
e)  further oil migration there is blocked by a trap

2. Which of the following geological processes initiates the chemical transformation of the sediment’s organic material into oil and gas? 

a)  deposition of organic-poor material
b)  elevated temperatures and pressures
c)  migration of oil into the source rock
d)  secondary enrichment by escaping gases
e)  migration out of the reservoir rock blocked by a trap

3. According to the Environmental Science text, the estimated peak oil production will be about 50 billion bbl per year and it will arrive sometime between 2020 and 2050. In 2004 the growth rate for oil was 3.4%. What will happen when the peak production occurs and demand is not met?

a)  the price of oil will increase
b)  disruption to society is likely to happen
c)  a gap between demand and production will occur
d)  all of the above
e)  the predicted peak production will never take place because there are many unknown reserves to be discovered

4. All of the following correctly describe fossil fuels except:

a)  it is a form of stored solar energy
b)  it created from incomplete biological decomposition of dead organic matter
c)  it comprises long-term energy reserves
d)  it is a renewable energy resource
e)  it is organic material, dead and buried

5. Oil production, refining, and transportation have been associated with all of the following environmental problems except: 

a)  disturbance of the land surface
b)  land subsidence
c)  acid mine drainage
d)  release of harmful gases
e)  pollution of groundwater

6. All fossil fuels require a certain amount of energy input to get them out of the ground and process them into useful forms.  Which of the following energy sources generally requires the most energy before it can be used as a fuel:

a)  oil
b)  low-sulfur coal
c)  natural gas
d)  oil shale
e)  high-sulfur coal

7. Which of the following sets of adjectives describe the formation of oil, gas, and coal?

a)  inorganic, subducted, not oxidized
b)  organic, buried, not oxidized
c)  inorganic, buried, oxidized
d)  organic, eroded, reduced
e)  acidic, subducted, oxidized

8. In some ways, natural gas is considered a better fossil fuel than oil.  This is primarily because:

a)  gas is found at shallower depths than oil
b)  gas is easier to transport over long distances than oil
c)  gas is a renewable resource
d)  once a reservoir is located, gas commands a higher price than oil
e)  burning natural gas is cleaner than burning oil

9. One problem with petroleum as an energy source is that the resource is not distributed evenly throughout the Earth.  The largest proven reserves of oil are located in:

a)  the North Sea
b)  the Gulf of Mexico
c)  South America
d)  the Middle East
e)  the Far East and Australia

10. Today, the most abundant economic fossil fuel resource is:

a)  oil
b)  gas
c)  coal
d)  oil shale
e)  hydroelectric

11. All of the following are options to reduce the air pollution caused by coal combustion except:

a)  scrubbing
b)  boiler designs that allow combustion at lower temperatures
c)  cleaning coal prior to combustion
d)  consumer education about energy conservation and efficiency
e)  use of more high-sulfur coals

12. Which of the following is usually associated with the most intense disruption of the surface environment?

a)  strip mining
b)  scrubbing
c)  natural gas production
d)  allowance trading
e)  petroleum combustion

13. Where are methane hydrates found?

a)  in permafrost areas
b)  beneath the sea floor
c)  in Africa and Australia
d)  in formerly glaciated valleys
e)  a and b

14. Oil is:

a)  organic matter transformed into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons
b)  inorganic matter transformed into liquid hydrocarbons
c)  bituminous coals transformed into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons
d)  a variety of natural gases compressed by pressure
e)  organic particles in water

15. Of the four common classes of coal, which is generally the highest energy content?

a)  lignite
b)  anthracite
c)  subanthracite
d)  subbituminous
e)  bituminous

Short Answer

Please answer the following in complete sentences.

16. Define peak oil.

17. List four proposals for reducing gasoline consumption in the U.S. 







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